Author: Penny

Search and rescue training for dogs can be a challenging task, especially if the handler makes mistakes during the initial stages of training. While the following suggestions can help solve common training problems, it’s important to note that not every dog will respond in the same way. Some dogs may be unable to unlearn the mistakes made by their handlers, and the dog may revert to the behavior it was originally taught. Hence, it’s crucial to get the training right the first time.

Problem 1: The Dog Will Not Lead the Handler to the Victim When Found

This problem is commonly faced by air-scenting dogs and scent-specific work. The dog may have found the hidden person, but after giving the signal, it won’t lead the handler back to the hidden person. In some cases, the dog may even stop so far away from the hidden person that the handler cannot determine the location. To solve this problem, the handler must first identify and correct the miscommunication between the handler and the dog that was established during the early stages of training.

Solution:

• Return to the initial short runaways and have the hidden person lure the dog in. The dog must be in a highly excited state, just like it would be at the start of a runaway.
• The hidden person should give the dog its reward until the dog consistently goes to the hidden person.
• Once the dog is consistently going to the hidden person, the reward can come from the handler, but only after the dog has led the handler to stand next to the hidden person.
• Eventually, the reward should only come from the handler, so the dog does not stay by the hidden person waiting for its reward.

Problem 2: The Dog Does Not Return to the Handler After Finding the Hidden Person

One of the biggest challenges in search and rescue training is when a dog finds a hidden person but refuses to return to the handler. This can occur when the hidden person has been rewarding the dog too often during training. Depending on the dog’s individual motivations, they may be more focused on the reward than the actual task at hand.

Solution 1: Building the Dog’s Drive to Please You, the Handler

For dogs with a strong bond to their handler, this issue can be solved by eliminating the food or toy reward and focusing on praise and petting instead. Start with basic runaway exercises and gradually build up the distance between the handler and the hidden person. As the dog becomes more confident and enthusiastic about finding the person, allow them to lead you to the target without running ahead. If the dog does not return to the handler, gradually move closer until they do. Over time, you should be able to increase the distance between the handler and the hidden person while maintaining a reliable find and refind rate of 80%.

Solution 2: Substituting a Lower-Value Toy as a Reward

For dogs that are highly motivated by food or toys, a lower-value reward may be more effective. This can include a tug toy, a ball wrapped in cloth, or another object that the dog enjoys playing with. Toss the reward to the dog after they complete the exercise, and allow them to play with it until they willingly return it to the handler. As the dog becomes more familiar with the scenario, you can increase the distance between the handler and the hidden person until the dog is able to perform the exercise reliably.

Problem 3: Dogs Abandoning Searches After a Successful Find

One of the common problems faced in search and rescue training is the dog’s tendency to abandon the problem after a successful find. This can be due to various reasons such as a lack of drive to continue the search, boredom, being inadvertently trained that the problem is over when the missing person is found, insufficient reward, or a lack of bonding with the handler.

Solution:

• Encourage the dog’s drive to find people by providing an exciting initial runaway scenario.
• Reward the dog with treats from the hidden person in the early stages of training if they are reluctant to search. However, once the dog understands the find game, the reward should come from the handler.
• Gradually increase the distance between the handler and the missing person as the dog progresses in the training.
• Withhold the reward from the dog until the handler is next to the missing person. This will teach the dog to bring the handler to the missing person to receive the reward.
• Observe the training exercises to determine the step that causes the dog to abandon the search, and work on that specific step until the dog gets it or is washed from the program.

Problem 4: The Dog Refuses to Lead the Handler to the Hidden Person

One common issue during SAR training is when the dog is able to locate the hidden person but refuses to lead the handler to the subject. This can occur in both air-scenting and scent-specific dogs, and is often a result of early training mistakes.

The handler may have unknowingly communicated to the dog that they already know the location of the hidden person, causing the dog to believe that their job is complete. This may happen when the handler becomes overly excited upon finding the hidden person and commands the dog to “show me” while pointing in the direction of the subject.

Solution:

To solve this problem, it’s best to start with runaways. The handler should not know the exact location of the hidden person and allow the dog to lead the way. If the dog is trained to do a refind, now is the time to work on that skill. The handler should remain calm and issue a low-key “show me” command. If the dog is unsure what to do, the handler can wait for the dog to sort things out. Once the handler is shoulder to shoulder with the hidden person, the dog should be rewarded for a job well done.

Problem 5: The Dog Only Leads the Handler to the Hidden Person if the Handler is Facing the Right Direction

Another related problem is when the dog only leads the handler to the hidden person if the handler is facing the right direction. In this case, the dog is picking up on subtle cues from the handler’s body language and gaze, which signals the end of the exercise.

Solution:

To correct this issue, the handler should focus on maintaining a neutral body language throughout the training session. This will help prevent the dog from picking up on subtle cues that could interfere with the training. The handler should also make sure to reward the dog immediately upon reaching the hidden person.

Problem 6: Inaccurate Alerts

The alert is a crucial aspect of search and rescue training. After the dog has found the hidden person, she should return to the handler and give a clear and unmistakable signal before leading the handler to the location of the find. Inaccurate alerts can be a problem when the dog is not properly trained to give a consistent signal. This can cause confusion and delay in finding the missing person.

Solution: Consistent Training and Reinforcement

Consistent training and reinforcement are key to resolving this problem. Start by teaching the dog a specific signal, such as barking or pawing, and reward the dog every time she gives the correct alert. Gradually increase the difficulty of the training exercises by hiding the person further away and in more challenging locations. Reinforce the correct behavior with treats and praise every time the dog gives the correct alert.

Problem 7: The Dog Chases Critters or Game

Dogs that divert from SAR work to chase game can be a major problem. There are several reasons why this might happen, including the dog’s strong hunting/prey chase instinct, lack of motivation to find people, or previous encouragement to chase game. To prevent this problem, it’s essential to train your dog from an early age.

Solution: “Leave it” Training

The key to solving the problem of a dog chasing game is to teach the “leave it” command. This command should be used as soon as your dog is adopted or when she’s still a puppy. The actual words you use don’t matter as much as the concept. When you say “leave it,” you’re communicating to your dog that she should get away from the object as quickly as possible because it’s dangerous.

Start by using a low-value item such as a glove or hat. Put your dog on a leash and walk her near the object. Each time you do this exercise, approach the object from a different direction. When your dog notices the object, immediately reverse your walking and give the “leave it” command in a tone that communicates danger. Move away from the object as fast as you can. When your dog stops trying to look at the object, praise her and repeat the exercise once or twice a day.

As your dog improves, use more interesting objects and eventually, you can use live animals. Start with a head harness to prevent injury to your dog or the animal. It’s also a good idea to refresh your dog’s training by using the “leave it” command around a variety of objects and animals.

Problem 8: Lack of Motivation to Find People

Some dogs are only interested in finding their owners and not in finding people in general. To solve this problem, it’s essential to increase your dog’s motivation to find people.

Solution: Increase Motivation

One way to increase motivation is to use positive reinforcement. Reward your dog every time she finds someone, whether it’s you or someone else. You can use treats, toys, or praise. The more your dog associates finding people with positive rewards, the more motivated she will be.

Another way to increase motivation is to make the training sessions fun. Incorporate games and play into your training sessions to keep your dog engaged and interested. The more fun your dog has during training, the more motivated she will be to continue.

Problem 9: The Dog Stops Working

It is heartbreaking to see a previously well-performing SAR dog start to fail in their duties. One of the most common reasons is due to age, as the dog’s senses can slowly diminish with time. Depending on the breed, most large dogs such as German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers, and Labrador Retrievers have a good working life until they are around eight years old.

Signs of Aging or Illness in Your SAR Dog:

• Slower movements
• Shorter search times
• Loss of scent more frequently
• Aggression or avoidance towards other animals or people
• Decreased obedience
• Reduced response to audio and visual commands

It is essential to keep in mind that some illnesses, such as cancer of the spleen, may not be detectable through regular tests. In some cases, a SAR dog may start to fail due to a lack of faith from their handler. If you are an inexperienced SAR handler and are feeling discouraged, it is crucial to work with a trainer who can set up scenarios where your dog cannot fail and help you regain confidence in their abilities. Additionally, it is crucial to understand that even the best SAR dog can have an off day or face difficulties due to environmental factors.

Problem 10: The Dog Loses the Scent

Losing the scent is a common problem, especially in scent-specific dogs. If your dog has drive, stamina, and enthusiasm, but loses the scent after a short distance, it can be a complicated issue to solve. Weather conditions, such as temperature, can affect the scent, making it more difficult for the dog to detect. For example, a person who has exercised gives off more heat and scent when it’s cool or cold outside, but if they are hidden under a waterproof covering or in warm weather, the scent is harder for the dog to detect.

Chemicals can also temporarily block a dog’s sense of smell, making it harder for them to detect a weaker scent. Short-nosed breeds, such as pugs and Boston terriers, and albino dogs may also have a harder time detecting odors. On the other hand, small dogs, like Jack Russell terriers and papillons, have the same scenting ability as larger breeds.

Handler error can also play a role in a dog seeming to lose the scent. If the handler doesn’t trust the dog, they may re-command the dog to follow a different scent, causing confusion. Talking to the dog while she’s working can also distract her and cause confusion.

Solution:

To overcome this problem, it’s important to always give your dog time to work out the problem without interfering. Avoid talking to your dog while she’s working, and try to trust in her ability to follow the scent. If the dog rests her nose for a moment, don’t assume she has lost the scent. It’s also helpful to train in areas where the scent is not destroyed by chemicals or weather conditions.

Problem 11: The Dog Cannot Unlearn Mistakes Made by the Handler

It’s impossible to tell a dog to forget what you’ve been doing and undo the mistakes you’ve made during training. Dogs never forget, and in some cases, they may revert to what they were first taught. This is why it’s crucial to do it right the first time.

Solution:

To prevent this problem, take the time to research and understand the proper training techniques for your specific breed of dog. Seek out professional help if needed, and be patient and consistent with your training.

In conclusion, training a search and rescue dog can be a rewarding but challenging task. By being aware of common problems and taking steps to overcome them, you can ensure that your training is successful and your dog is well-prepared for the important job of finding lost individuals.

Search and Rescue Dogs: Essential in Emergencies

Technology has attempted to replicate the remarkable sense of smell of dogs, but in the aftermath of a major earthquake, such equipment is ineffective. Due to the dust, noise, vibrations, and electromagnetic fields produced by excavating machines, the detection equipment is easily disrupted, requiring rescue work to stop in the surrounding area, which is not feasible. In contrast, a well-trained search and rescue dog is not affected by distractions, including other rescue crews and spectators, and is able to locate people trapped under rubble or dirt. With more frequent natural disasters, the need for trained search and rescue dogs is greater than ever. They have saved countless lives, especially after earthquakes.

Not Just Earthquakes

Search and rescue dogs are also crucial in other emergency situations, such as plane or train crashes and gas explosions that result in collapsed buildings. Private initiatives may need to step in if the government does not provide training for these dogs. They have to search intensely for the scent of people trapped under rubble or other materials and must not be distracted by anything. The dog signals its handler when it has located a victim by showing the highest concentration of scent, which the handler must then determine if the person is alive or dead based on the dog’s behavior.

Types of Alert

The success of a search and rescue dog also depends on its drive to find people, which can be developed through training that utilizes its hunting drive. The type of alert used must be suitable for the dog’s personality and behavior, and some common alerts used in rubble searches include:

• Barking
• Bringsel
• Recall
• Pawing
• Behavior and postures

Barking: Dogs that bark easily may start barking at a scent clue. This happens when the dog is frustrated and unable to reach the victim quickly. Barking is not enough to be considered a real alert, and the dog must also indicate the location of the highest human odor concentration by pawing, scratching, or putting its nose in the rubble.

Bringsel alert: The bringsel alert is commonly used in area searches. However, if the same dog is trained to use a bringsel in wilderness search, it should only pick it up when it makes contact with the victim. In rubble, contact with the victim is rare, so the dog must give an alert without contact. Using the bringsel alert in both rubble and wilderness search may lead to problems and false alerts.

Recall alert: The recall alert involves the dog walking back and forth quickly between the handler and the scent clue, leading the handler to the location. The dog uses a special behavior to show that it has found the scent of a victim. Again, the recall alert must be accompanied by the dog’s pawing, scratching, or putting its nose in the rubble to indicate the exact location of the highest human odor concentration.

Pawing: When a dog finds a strong human odor, it may scratch or bite the rubble in an attempt to penetrate it. This behavior is important because it helps the dog indicate the exact location of the victim. Some people are concerned that dogs may hurt themselves while pawing, but this is rare as dogs can judge their strength.

Behavior and postures: A dog’s body language is a good indication that it has found something. When a dog is interested in a particular spot in the rubble and refuses to leave it, it may be because it has found a strong human odor. The dog’s body expressions, such as its walk, posture, ear stance, and tail wag, are also indicators. The dog may also sit or lie down at the location of a strong human odor. However, this alone is not enough and the dog must still indicate the exact location by pawing or scratching in the rubble.

It’s important for the safety of search and rescue dogs that they stay in place when commanded to lie down. However, a real-life situation in 1980 Italy shows that handlers must always be aware of their dog’s communication. After a long search in the rain, a handler laid his dog down in a seemingly safe building for some rest. But after a few minutes, the dog came back to the handler, which was unusual for the well-trained dog. The handler then discovered a crack in the floor where the dog had been lying. This incident highlights the importance of paying attention to your dog’s instincts, as the dog was able to sense the upcoming tremor that was unnoticed by people.

FAQs

Q: What are SAR dogs?

A: SAR dogs, or search and rescue dogs, are highly trained dogs that assist in disaster response efforts. They use their incredible sense of smell to locate missing persons and bring them to safety.

Q: What should be taken into account when looking for a breeder for a new SAR dog?
A: A successful match depends on finding the right breeder for the job. Interviews should be conducted to make sure the pup is up to the standards needed for SAR work – seeking someone who specializes in working dogs as opposed to show breeds is recommended.

Q: How do we ensure retired SAR dogs stay comfortable and happy?
A: Retired SAR dogs need regular vet visits, a safe environment, nutritious meals, and activities to keep them occupied. They deserve lots of love and respect – just like they did while they were working!

Q: What is the history of search and rescue dogs?

A: The use of search and rescue dogs can be traced back to the use of Red Cross dogs during World War I. They were initially trained to bark at the location of wounded soldiers, but this method was changed to picking up a designated item. Today, search and rescue dogs have been used in various disasters around the world, such as earthquakes, and have proven to be a valuable asset in saving lives and recovering bodies.

Q: How do SAR dogs locate missing persons?

A: SAR dogs use their keen sense of smell to quickly locate missing persons. They work closely with their human handlers to search areas that would be too dangerous or time-consuming for human teams to search.

Q: What breeds are best suited for search and rescue work?

A: Many breeds can be trained for search and rescue, but some of the most commonly used breeds include German Shepherds, Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Belgian Malinois. The breed chosen will depend on the specific requirements of the search and rescue organization, as well as the individual dog’s temperament and ability.

What is the Definition of a Search and Rescue Dog?

In order to refine our understanding, we questioned the definition of a search and rescue dog. Our conclusion was that a search and rescue dog is a canine that has been trained to detect human scent and indicate it to its handler with clarity, based on its keen sense of smell. To fulfill its role effectively, a search and rescue dog must be able to search intensively for extended periods during a mission. For this reason, the training must inspire a passion for searching in the dog.

Here are some of the requirements for SAR dogs:

• Good behavior, courage, perseverance, and hardness
• Sufficient search and tracking capabilities
• Good social behavior with people and other animals
• Obedience
• Preferred: Schutzhund certificate (Sch.H. or IPO), police dog certificate of the KNPV, tracking dog certificate

Search and Rescue (SAR) dogs perform critical tasks in locating and communicating the location of people who are lost or trapped. The breed and size of the dog do not greatly influence its suitability for SAR work, but certain behaviors, skills, and obedience are essential for success.

Best Breeds for SAR Work

German Shorthaired Pointer

The German Shorthaired Pointer is a highly versatile breed known for its intelligence, trainability, and eagerness to work. This breed has a strong desire to please and excels in tasks such as scent detection and tracking, making it an excellent choice for search and rescue operations, particularly in rubble search. Its keen sense of smell and fast, effective work style have been observed in rubble search and rescue operations. In addition to its work capabilities, the German Shorthaired Pointer is also known for its friendly and affectionate personality, making it a great companion for families. This breed’s versatility, trainability, and friendly demeanor make it a top choice for both hunting and search and rescue work.

Trait	Description
Breed	German Shorthaired Pointer
Height	Male: 23-25 inches; Female: 21-23 inches
Weight	Male: 55-70 pounds; Female: 45-60 pounds
Size	Medium to large
Coat	Short, thick, water-resistant, with solid liver or liver and white markings
Personality	Energetic, intelligent, eager to please, friendly, trainable
Temperament	Affectionate, loyal, playful, can be stubborn
Activity level	High
Exercise needs	At least 1-2 hours of vigorous exercise per day
Training needs	Requires consistent and firm training, responds well to positive reinforcement
Grooming needs	Minimal, occasional brushing and bathing
Health concerns	Hip dysplasia, eye diseases, cancer, bloat
Life expectancy	10-12 years

Successful example:

One example of a successful SAR dog of the German Shorthaired Pointer breed is K9 Nicky, who served as a search and rescue dog in the aftermath of the September 11th terrorist attacks in New York City. Nicky was able to locate survivors and provide comfort to those who were searching for loved ones. She was trained in rubble search, building search, and human remains detection, and was praised for her tireless work ethic and determination.

Another example is K9 Jäger, who was deployed to assist with disaster relief efforts in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Jäger was praised for his quick and effective work style, as well as his ability to work well under challenging conditions. He was instrumental in locating survivors and helping to bring closure to families of missing persons. These examples show just how valuable and capable German Shorthaired Pointers can be as SAR dogs, and their contribution to search and rescue efforts is invaluable.

Golden Retriever

The Golden Retriever is a breed known for its friendly and obedient nature, making it a popular choice for families and SAR work. With a strong desire to please their owners and a love of play, Golden Retrievers are highly trainable and eager to learn new tasks. They have a strong sense of smell and an ability to focus on their work, making them effective in search and rescue operations. In addition to their work ethic, Golden Retrievers are known for their loving and affectionate personalities, and are often referred to as “gentle giants”. With their friendly demeanor and trainability, Golden Retrievers are a popular breed for SAR work and make excellent companions for families.

Trait	Description
Breed	Golden Retriever
Height	Male: 23-24 inches; Female: 21.5-22.5 inches
Weight	Male: 65-75 pounds; Female: 55-65 pounds
Size	Large
Coat	Dense, water-repellent, with golden or cream-colored fur
Personality	Friendly, intelligent, loyal, eager to please
Temperament	Patient, calm, easygoing, adaptable
Activity level	Moderate
Exercise needs	At least 1-2 hours of exercise per day
Training needs	Responds well to positive reinforcement, requires consistent training
Grooming needs	Regular brushing and occasional bathing
Health concerns	Hip and elbow dysplasia, eye diseases, cancer, heart disease
Life expectancy	10-12 years

Successful example:

One notable example of a successful Golden Retriever SAR dog is Ace, who was deployed in search and rescue operations in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Ace, who was trained by the National Disaster Search Dog Foundation, located several survivors in the rubble and helped to provide comfort and support to those affected by the disaster.

Another successful Golden Retriever SAR dog is Hunter, who was deployed in search and rescue operations in the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks in New York City. Hunter, who was trained by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), worked tirelessly in the rubble to locate survivors and provide comfort to those affected by the tragedy.

Labrador Retriever

The Labrador Retriever is a breed renowned for its friendly, outgoing, and obedient nature. Its trainability and high intelligence make it a popular choice for families and for search and rescue work. With a strong desire to please their owners, Labrador Retrievers are eager to learn and excel in tasks such as scent detection and tracking. They have a keen sense of smell and are known for their tireless work ethic, making them effective in search and rescue operations. In addition to their work capabilities, Labrador Retrievers are known for their playful and affectionate personalities, making them excellent companions for families. Their friendly and social demeanor, combined with their trainability and intelligence, make Labrador Retrievers a top choice for search and rescue work.

Trait	Description
Breed	Labrador Retriever
Height	Male: 22.5-24.5 inches; Female: 21.5-23.5 inches
Weight	Male: 65-80 pounds; Female: 55-70 pounds
Size	Large
Coat	Short, thick, water-resistant, with black, chocolate, or yellow fur
Personality	Friendly, outgoing, intelligent, trainable
Temperament	Energetic, loyal, playful, can be mischievous
Activity level	High
Exercise needs	At least 1-2 hours of exercise per day
Training needs	Highly trainable, responds well to positive reinforcement
Grooming needs	Regular brushing and occasional bathing
Health concerns	Hip and elbow dysplasia, eye diseases, obesity
Life expectancy	10-12 years

Successful example:

A successful Labrador Retriever SAR dog is a dog named Cheyenne, who was part of the search and rescue team that worked to find survivors after the 9/11 attacks at the World Trade Center. Cheyenne was able to locate multiple survivors and her tireless search efforts helped bring comfort and closure to the families of those who were lost. Another example is a dog named Chaser, who was a Labrador Retriever SAR dog who assisted in search and rescue missions after hurricanes and other natural disasters. She was also known for her work finding missing persons and participating in evidence searches.

Welsh Corgis

Welsh Corgis are known for their intelligence, eagerness to please, and strong sense of smell, which are all key characteristics that make them well-suited for search and rescue work. Their high energy and playful nature also helps them to stay motivated during long search missions. Additionally, their small size allows them to easily access tight spaces and maneuver through difficult terrain, making them effective in locating victims in rubble or other hazardous environments.

Furthermore, Welsh Corgis have a strong drive to work and are quick learners, which enables them to be trained in various search and rescue techniques. Overall, their combination of intelligence, physical ability, and desire to work make Welsh Corgis highly capable and effective search and rescue dogs.

Trait	Description
Breed	Welsh Corgi
Height	Male: 10-12 inches; Female: 10.5-12.5 inches
Weight	Male: 25-30 pounds; Female: 30-38 pounds
Size	Small
Coat	Short, thick, with various colors and markings
Personality	Affectionate, loyal, intelligent, playful
Temperament	Bold, confident, independent, can be stubborn
Activity level	Moderate
Exercise needs	At least 30-60 minutes of exercise per day
Training needs	Requires consistent and patient training, can be stubborn
Grooming needs	Regular brushing and occasional bathing
Health concerns	Hip dysplasia, eye diseases, back problems
Life expectancy	12-14 years

Note: Hunting dogs can be used in wilderness areas but may have difficulties and sometimes be impossible to use. On the other hand, hunting dogs can perform well on rubble. It’s not important how a dog locates a victim, but it’s essential to have a clear and reliable alert from the dog to the handler.

FAQs

Q: What are SAR dogs?

A: SAR dogs, or search and rescue dogs, are highly trained dogs that assist in disaster response efforts. They use their incredible sense of smell to locate missing persons and bring them to safety.

Q: What should be taken into account when looking for a breeder for a new SAR dog?
A: A successful match depends on finding the right breeder for the job. Interviews should be conducted to make sure the pup is up to the standards needed for SAR work – seeking someone who specializes in working dogs as opposed to show breeds is recommended.

Q: How do we ensure retired SAR dogs stay comfortable and happy?
A: Retired SAR dogs need regular vet visits, a safe environment, nutritious meals, and activities to keep them occupied. They deserve lots of love and respect – just like they did while they were working!

Q: What is the history of search and rescue dogs?

A: The use of search and rescue dogs can be traced back to the use of Red Cross dogs during World War I. They were initially trained to bark at the location of wounded soldiers, but this method was changed to picking up a designated item. Today, search and rescue dogs have been used in various disasters around the world, such as earthquakes, and have proven to be a valuable asset in saving lives and recovering bodies.

Q: How do SAR dogs locate missing persons?

A: SAR dogs use their keen sense of smell to quickly locate missing persons. They work closely with their human handlers to search areas that would be too dangerous or time-consuming for human teams to search.

Q: What breeds are best suited for search and rescue work?

A: Many breeds can be trained for search and rescue, but some of the most commonly used breeds include German Shepherds, Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Belgian Malinois. The breed chosen will depend on the specific requirements of the search and rescue organization, as well as the individual dog’s temperament and ability.

 

Dogs can make great Search and Rescue (SAR) dogs if they have the right temperament and are well-trained. However, the methods used to train these dogs vary greatly and can range from humane to cruel. In this blog post, we will explore the two primary schools of thought that influence SAR dog training and what it takes to choose the right method for your dog.

Positive Training Techniques

In the early 19th century, W.N. Hutchinson wrote about positive dog training in his book, Dog Breaking: The Most Expeditious, Certain and Easy Method. This view was also supported by Lieutenant-Colonel E.H. Richardson, who studied war dog training from the Germans and later ran the British war dog school during World War I. However, despite this, harsh methods such as the use of pinch collars, choke collars, shock collars, and dominance methods became popular in the 20th century. Modern research has shown that these methods can cause lasting harm to a dog’s mental and physical health, so there is no longer a need to use them.

Two Schools of Thought

The two primary schools of thought in SAR dog training are both based on the dog’s prey drive or hunting instinct. In the first method, the dog stays with the scent source and gives an alert. In the second method, the dog returns to the handler, gives a signal, and leads the handler back to the scent source. Both methods work and involve the same steps: search for human scent, work out the scent following the scent cone, and receive a reward. The reward can be a toy, food, or praise for one method, and an old sock or rope toy for the other.

Choosing the Right Method

The success of SAR dog training ultimately comes down to the individual dog and what method will work best for them. The head trainer or handler must be experienced in dog training and be able to determine, based on the dog’s breed and individual characteristics, which method will work best. For example, some Labrador retrievers may have a strong hunting drive, while others may have very little. Similarly, one English setter may be very “birdy,” while another is not. It is important to train your dog in a way that meets their specific needs.

Challenges in Training SAR Dogs

When it comes to training dogs, it is crucial to understand that obedience is not just a matter of the dog knowing what to do, but also requires the dog’s ability to display self-control and perform the task. This understanding is key to identifying the root cause of training problems.

Classifying Dogs: Generalizers and Legalistic Dogs

There are two main types of dogs, regardless of breed: generalizing dogs and legalistic dogs. Generalizing dogs are able to apply what they have learned to new situations, while legalistic dogs need to be taught each situation separately and take longer to generalize. Both types of dogs can be reliable with proper training, the difference being the amount of time required for training.

A common pitfall for legalistic dogs is undergoing competitive obedience training before SAR training. In competitive obedience, the dog is trained to perform specific actions at specific times and locations, and if the dog does not comply, a correction is made by withholding rewards. This process can lead to the dog becoming too reliant on following commands and having difficulty transitioning to making decisions in the SAR field. SAR dogs must be obedient and under control while in the field, but they also need to be able to exercise independent thinking, like a guide dog for the blind.

Common Mistakes Made by Handlers

Avoiding training problems can be achieved by teaching the dog the mechanics of search scenarios before moving on to larger or more difficult tasks. Handlers often become too eager to search, even in training, and increase the difficulty of the search scenario before the dog fully understands the expectations. This can lead to the dog failing in various aspects of the search scenario. It is crucial to ensure that the dog performs satisfactorily 90% of the time before moving on to the next step, and repetition is necessary for the lesson to be remembered long-term by the dog.

Handlers may become frustrated when watching other dogs learn faster than their own, but it is important to keep in mind that the combination of handler and dog is unique and may take longer for some teams to develop their skills. A skilled dog trainer can help to address any problems.

One of the biggest mistakes made by handlers is micromanaging their dogs, which can hinder the dog’s ability to think and make decisions. SAR dogs need to be able to work out problems on their own, but handlers may train their dogs as if they can detect the scent and know everything the dog knows. This can lead to the handler giving the wrong message to the dog. It takes patience to allow the dog to work out problems independently, such as when the dog may overrun a scent trail. Correcting the dog in this situation may cause the dog to think the handler knows where the scent is, when in reality, the scent may have drifted elsewhere. It is better to let the dog lose the scent and find it again, as this will help the dog learn to work with wind, weather, and terrain.

Conclusion

SAR dog training can be a complex process that requires the right method to be chosen based on the dog’s breed and individual characteristics. The success of SAR dog training depends on the handler’s experience in dog training and their ability to understand the dog’s specific needs. The two main schools of thought in SAR dog training are based on the dog’s prey drive and involve either staying with the scent source or returning to the handler to lead them back to the scent source. There are also two types of dogs, generalizing dogs and legalistic dogs, that require different training methods. Avoiding training problems can be achieved by teaching the dog the mechanics of search scenarios, allowing the dog to work out problems independently, and avoiding micromanaging the dog. It is important to remember that the combination of handler and dog is unique and may take longer for some teams to develop their skills, and a skilled dog trainer can help address any problems.

FAQs

Q: What are SAR dogs?

A: SAR dogs, or search and rescue dogs, are highly trained dogs that assist in disaster response efforts. They use their incredible sense of smell to locate missing persons and bring them to safety.

Q: What should be taken into account when looking for a breeder for a new SAR dog?
A: A successful match depends on finding the right breeder for the job. Interviews should be conducted to make sure the pup is up to the standards needed for SAR work – seeking someone who specializes in working dogs as opposed to show breeds is recommended.

Q: How do we ensure retired SAR dogs stay comfortable and happy?
A: Retired SAR dogs need regular vet visits, a safe environment, nutritious meals, and activities to keep them occupied. They deserve lots of love and respect – just like they did while they were working!

Q: What is the history of search and rescue dogs?

A: The use of search and rescue dogs can be traced back to the use of Red Cross dogs during World War I. They were initially trained to bark at the location of wounded soldiers, but this method was changed to picking up a designated item. Today, search and rescue dogs have been used in various disasters around the world, such as earthquakes, and have proven to be a valuable asset in saving lives and recovering bodies.

Q: How do SAR dogs locate missing persons?

A: SAR dogs use their keen sense of smell to quickly locate missing persons. They work closely with their human handlers to search areas that would be too dangerous or time-consuming for human teams to search.

Q: What breeds are best suited for search and rescue work?

A: Many breeds can be trained for search and rescue, but some of the most commonly used breeds include German Shepherds, Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Belgian Malinois. The breed chosen will depend on the specific requirements of the search and rescue organization, as well as the individual dog’s temperament and ability.

Search and Rescue (SAR) dogs play a crucial role in locating missing persons and providing crucial support during emergencies. These highly trained dogs have a keen sense of smell, which is their primary tool for finding people in need of help. It is through comprehensive and rigorous scent training that these dogs are able to use their natural abilities to save lives.

Scent: What Is It and How Do Dogs Detect It?

Scent is made up of microscopic particles, oils, and gases that come from its source. In comparison to our noses, dogs have an extraordinary ability to smell minuscule amounts of scent, even down to one part per trillion. For example, a human would only be able to smell the one drop of butyric acid released in a 10-story building at the time of release, while a dog would be able to detect that same amount of acid throughout an entire city, up to 300 feet in the air.

The Makeup of a Dog’s Scent World

It is difficult to fathom how scents are perceived by dogs, as they live in a world of scent and have an ability to distinguish between different aromas. This is why they can be trained to search for particular scents. What a dog is actually following is up for debate; some people think it is crushed vegetation, but this has since been disproven. It is now known that skin cells and body oils are major sources of scent for a dog. Experiments have revealed the unique, individual scent of people (and their family scent) to be composed of a variety of elements, such as the grooming products they use and the food they eat. During the Vietnam War, US soldiers learned that the Vietnamese could smell them before they could see or hear them, due to the differences in the grooming products used.

Another factor to consider when working with SAR dogs is how wind, weather, and terrain may affect scent. It is important to understand that these conditions can prevent a dog from being able to detect scent even if it is present. To gain an understanding of how scent moves, handlers may use small round smoke bombs to see where the scent traveled in a given situation. Furthermore, some SAR units use larger smoke bombs to demonstrate how changes in weather conditions can impact scent and how it moves.

To properly train SAR dogs, it is essential to comprehend the fundamentals of scent and how the dog’s senses work together to detect and analyze it. Each person and animal has their own scent and it is through this that dogs are able to distinguish one from another. Also, scent is heavily relied on by dogs in the same way that we rely on sight, so handlers should remember to use the dog’s sense of smell to their advantage.

Maximizing SAR Effectiveness through Breed Selection

Each breed of dog has a unique sense of smell that is better suited for different types of search and rescue. For example, some breeds of dogs such as Bloodhounds have a significantly better sense of smell than other breeds, making them invaluable for tracking and trailing. Additionally, some breeds of dogs are better at detecting particular scents than others, so careful consideration should be taken when choosing a breed for a specific search and rescue mission. By taking into account the breed of dog and its skill set, SAR teams can maximize the effectiveness of their search and rescue missions.

Training Techniques and Methods for SAR Dogs

Proper training of SAR dogs is crucial to ensure that they are able to perform their duties effectively. Handlers may use various techniques and methods to train SAR dogs, including:

• Positive reinforcement training: This involves rewarding the dog for exhibiting desired behavior, such as correctly identifying a scent or following a trail. This reinforces the dog’s behavior and encourages them to continue the same behavior in the future.
• Hide-and-seek training: This involves hiding objects or people and training the dog to find them. This helps to develop the dog’s ability to detect and follow scents.
• Scent discrimination training: This involves training the dog to distinguish between different scents, such as human and animal scents. This is an important aspect of SAR training as it allows the dog to determine which scents are relevant and which are not.
• Environmental training: This involves exposing the dog to various environmental conditions, such as wind, rain, and different types of terrain. This helps to prepare the dog for the conditions they will encounter during a search and rescue mission.

Conclusion

SAR dogs play a vital role in saving lives and providing crucial support during emergencies. Understanding the world of scent and how dogs detect and analyze it is essential for effective SAR dog training and maximizing the effectiveness of SAR missions. By taking into account breed selection and scent training techniques, SAR teams can ensure that their dogs are prepared for any situation they may encounter in the field.

FAQs

Q: What are SAR dogs?

A: SAR dogs, or search and rescue dogs, are highly trained dogs that assist in disaster response efforts. They use their incredible sense of smell to locate missing persons and bring them to safety.

Q: What should be taken into account when looking for a breeder for a new SAR dog?
A: A successful match depends on finding the right breeder for the job. Interviews should be conducted to make sure the pup is up to the standards needed for SAR work – seeking someone who specializes in working dogs as opposed to show breeds is recommended.

Q: How do we ensure retired SAR dogs stay comfortable and happy?
A: Retired SAR dogs need regular vet visits, a safe environment, nutritious meals, and activities to keep them occupied. They deserve lots of love and respect – just like they did while they were working!

Q: What is the history of search and rescue dogs?

A: The use of search and rescue dogs can be traced back to the use of Red Cross dogs during World War I. They were initially trained to bark at the location of wounded soldiers, but this method was changed to picking up a designated item. Today, search and rescue dogs have been used in various disasters around the world, such as earthquakes, and have proven to be a valuable asset in saving lives and recovering bodies.

Q: How do SAR dogs locate missing persons?

A: SAR dogs use their keen sense of smell to quickly locate missing persons. They work closely with their human handlers to search areas that would be too dangerous or time-consuming for human teams to search.

Q: What breeds are best suited for search and rescue work?

A: Many breeds can be trained for search and rescue, but some of the most commonly used breeds include German Shepherds, Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Belgian Malinois. The breed chosen will depend on the specific requirements of the search and rescue organization, as well as the individual dog’s temperament and ability.

For how many years have you been breeding this specific type of canine?

The more extended experience, the better. It’s advisable to inquire if they have received guidance from a seasoned breeder if they are relatively new to the breeding process. Breeding requires a comprehensive understanding, and it’s not recommended for those who lack adequate experience.

Have you specialized in breeding one or multiple dog breeds? If so, could you share which breeds you focus on?

It’s common for committed breeders to focus their efforts on one or two breeds, as properly caring for them requires a significant amount of time and dedication. It’s also beneficial for a working-dog breeder to participate in competitions specific to the breed they are breeding, as this is a key aspect of the breeding process.

Are you a member of a breed club? If so, which one?

It is always a positive sign if a breeder belongs to a breed club. Such clubs provide breeders with support and resources that can help improve their breeding practices. Additionally, these clubs are a way for breeders to connect with others who share their passion for the breed. Being a member of a breed club also offers opportunities to see how different dogs and lines perform in competitions, as well as stay informed about potential health concerns in the breed. On the other hand, a lack of club membership may indicate that the breeder prioritizes profit over quality breeding and community involvement.

Why do you breed dogs?

The primary motivation behind breeding dogs should be the desire to improve the breed. The breeder should be passionate about advancing the breed’s characteristics, health, and well-being.

Can you describe your objective in breeding a litter of dogs?

The goal of breeding a litter of dogs should be specific and aim at enhancing the breed in a particular manner. It is crucial for a breeder to be able to articulate the traits they hope to improve or maintain. The breeder should have a thorough understanding of their dogs, including the history of their lines, strengths, and weaknesses, and be able to discuss these in detail. The focus should be on the adult dogs, rather than just the puppies.

What is the breeder’s experience with breeding litters?

As too many litters at once or ones that result from “arrangements” can be a red flag. An arrangement where a breeder gives a dog to someone with the expectation of breeding it multiple times can result in breeding without proper consideration for the dog’s health or worthiness for breeding. This type of arrangement may also compromise the socialization of the puppies, as the breeder may claim they are home-raised without actually providing proper care. It is also important to make sure the parents of the litter have undergone proper health tests, such as those provided by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) and Canine Eye Registration Foundation (CERF), to ensure the genetic health of the litter.

How many litters are you currently breeding?

A dedicated breeder who is focused on the well-being of the dogs should not have too many litters to manage at once. This ensures that the breeder has sufficient resources and time to provide proper care and attention to each litter.

What medical tests are performed on the parents of the litter?

Different breeds may require different tests, so it’s wise to consult with a veterinarian or breed club to determine what is necessary for the specific breed. For example, some breeds may be prone to hip dysplasia or elbow issues, and in these cases, it’s advisable for both parents to have a passing rating from the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals. Similarly, breeds prone to eye problems should be examined by a canine ophthalmologist and registered with the Canine Eye Registration Foundation, while breeds prone to Von Willebrand’s disease should be tested to ensure they are clear of the condition. Understanding these tests and health issues is key to making informed breeding decisions.

What criteria do you use to determine if a dog is suitable for breeding?

Every dog that is bred should have desirable traits such as mental soundness, temperament, and physical soundness. Intelligence and good temperament are important for search and rescue dogs. Physical soundness means the dog will likely have a lower risk of health problems caused by inherited conditions. This can be determined through temperament tests, working competitions, and health screenings such as hip dysplasia tests. Note that conformation show wins only indicate that the dog meets breed standards, but do not necessarily indicate the dog’s suitability for breeding. Working titles, such as tracking or utility dog, are considered more valuable than conformation titles. For SAR dogs, it is ideal to breed dogs with real working titles rather than sport-based titles.

What criteria do you use to select a mate for your dog?

A responsible breeder will carefully consider the mental, temperament, and physical qualities of both the male and female dog before mating them. Simply wanting to breed a dog because it’s “good” or to provide “quality pets” is not a valid reason. The selection of a mate should be based on the dog’s abilities and qualities, rather than convenience or personal preference.

What is the frequency of breeding your stud dog?

A responsible breeder should be selective when choosing a mate for their stud dog and not simply breed them with any available female. This lack of consideration can indicate disregard for the quality of offspring produced.

What type of warranty or protection is offered with a puppy or dog you sell?

A minimum requirement would be the option to have a vet examine the puppy and the ability to return it if it’s not in good health. Make sure to review any agreements thoroughly with a legal professional. Some breeders may offer a lifetime guarantee, but with the stipulation that the dog must be returned to them, which can be an unrealistic expectation. Additionally, it’s worth considering whether you’d want a dog from the same breeder if the animal develops serious health issues later on. (Please note that returning a dog due to personal circumstances is different from a breeder guarantee covering health or genetic defects).

Can you provide a contract for purchasing a puppy?

It is advisable to ask the breeder for a contract that outlines the terms of the sale, and to have it reviewed by a lawyer to avoid any potential issues. The contract should include information about guarantees and other important details. Avoid co-ownership agreements, as these are often used to retain breeding and showing rights by the breeder.

What is the ideal age for puppies to be sent to their new homes?

The appropriate age for puppies to leave their breeders varies among different breeds. However, it is recommended that puppies are kept with their breeders until at least 12 weeks old, in order to ensure proper socialization and early training. Taking a puppy away from its litter before 8 weeks old can increase the risk of behavioral problems. A responsible breeder will keep the puppies for an additional 4 weeks after 8 weeks to help them learn important social rules and bite inhibition from their mother and littermates.

What is the method used by the breeder to raise the puppies before they go to their new homes?

It is important to ask the breeder about the specific methods they use to socialize the puppies before they are placed in their new homes. Avoid vague statements such as “We have a lot of kids around to handle the puppies” or “We have a lot of people coming in and out”. The ideal breeder should have a structured program for socialization and early training, such as the Bio-Sensor program, especially for puppies destined for work such as SAR.

What was the size of your last litter of puppies?

It is advisable to be cautious if the breeder is unwilling to disclose this information. This question is important in order to follow up with the next question.

Can you provide the contact information for individuals who have purchased puppies from your most recent litter?

By reaching out to the previous owners of the puppies from the last litter, you can gain insights into the characteristics and behavior of the dogs. It’s important to listen for any common tendencies, such as barking or eating certain objects, that multiple owners may mention. This can give you an idea of the inherited tendencies in the line of dogs. You can also ask the owners if they would purchase another dog from the same breeder.

FAQs

Q: What are SAR dogs?

A: SAR dogs, or search and rescue dogs, are highly trained dogs that assist in disaster response efforts. They use their incredible sense of smell to locate missing persons and bring them to safety.

Q: What should be taken into account when looking for a breeder for a new SAR dog?
A: A successful match depends on finding the right breeder for the job. Interviews should be conducted to make sure the pup is up to the standards needed for SAR work – seeking someone who specializes in working dogs as opposed to show breeds is recommended.

Q: How do we ensure retired SAR dogs stay comfortable and happy?
A: Retired SAR dogs need regular vet visits, a safe environment, nutritious meals, and activities to keep them occupied. They deserve lots of love and respect – just like they did while they were working!

Q: What is the history of search and rescue dogs?

A: The use of search and rescue dogs can be traced back to the use of Red Cross dogs during World War I. They were initially trained to bark at the location of wounded soldiers, but this method was changed to picking up a designated item. Today, search and rescue dogs have been used in various disasters around the world, such as earthquakes, and have proven to be a valuable asset in saving lives and recovering bodies.

Q: How do SAR dogs locate missing persons?

A: SAR dogs use their keen sense of smell to quickly locate missing persons. They work closely with their human handlers to search areas that would be too dangerous or time-consuming for human teams to search.

Q: What breeds are best suited for search and rescue work?

A: Many breeds can be trained for search and rescue, but some of the most commonly used breeds include German Shepherds, Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Belgian Malinois. The breed chosen will depend on the specific requirements of the search and rescue organization, as well as the individual dog’s temperament and ability.

Retirement for SAR dogs is an issue that should not be taken lightly, and it is important to understand not only for SAR, military, and police dog handlers but also for the dogs themselves. The relationship between a handler and their SAR dog is special, as it has been developed through a strong bond over years of working together and risking their lives. It is said that the dog can read the thoughts of its handler, while the handler can read the mind of the dog.

To ensure a successful retirement for their beloved companion, those in law enforcement or SAR must be aware of the measures they need to take.

What are SAR dogs?

SAR dogs are specially trained animals used for search and rescue operations. These dogs are highly trained to find lost people, evidence, or objects in difficult terrain and weather conditions.

They are also used to detect explosives and drugs. SAR dogs have an incredible sense of smell and can detect scents from far away. They can work in extreme temperatures, and can even work underwater.

SAR dogs are incredibly loyal and can be an invaluable asset in search and rescue operations. They can locate people in a fraction of the time it would take humans, making them an invaluable resource in emergencies.

SAR dogs are also loyal and hardworking and can bond with their handlers for years.

Why do SAR dogs retire?

As they age, these dogs may start to show physical signs of aging such as decreased vision, slower reflexes, and stiff joints. Along with these physical alterations often come mental and emotional changes such as a decrease in energy levels or an apathy towards work. Furthermore, it is challenging to find a suitable replacement for a retiring SAR dog since the profession needs them to meet certain standards.

For all of these reasons, understanding the appropriate retirement steps for SAR dogs is essential in making sure this loyal breed gets the recognition and appreciation they deserve.

Retirement process for SAR Dogs

Retiring a SAR dog is an incredibly difficult process, as the bond between the handler and the dog has been built over many years of working together. It is important to ensure that the process is as smooth as possible for both the handler and the dog.

To begin, it is important to allow the dog to participate in short problems and hasty searches in training if possible. This will keep the old dog happy and included, and help to ease the transition. Additionally, it is important to interview a breeder for the next dog, to ensure that the dog will be suitable for SAR work. The transition between the two dogs should be handled with care, and the old dog should be included in training sessions to keep him feeling included.

Here are some other tips:

• Create an individualized retirement plan for the SAR dog based on its age, health and activity levels.
• Schedule regular veterinary check-ups to monitor the SAR dog’s health during the retirement process.
• Start introducing new routines that involve games and activities that suit a retired lifestyle such as walking in parks instead of participating in search missions with other active dogs.
• Allow sufficient time for the SAR dog to adjust to its retirement by gradually reducing work hours before completely retiring from service duties altogether
• Consider enrolling your retired SAR dog in water sports or agility competitions depending on their fitness level and physical abilities
• Include behavior modification techniques if needed, such as giving food rewards when they complete tasks correctly while adjusting to their new routine
• Provide mental stimulation outside of duty hours through puzzles, toys, etc., so that they can stay engaged even after retiring
• Spend quality time with your retired companion – take them out for walks or give them plenty of cuddles!
• Introduce interactive training drills like obstacle courses or sniff trails which are fun and engaging, yet low-impact enough not to cause injury

By following these tips, handlers can ensure a successful retirement for their SAR dogs, and ensure that their loyal and hardworking companion is taken care of.

Caring for retired SAR dogs

Once a SAR dog has retired, it is important to ensure that the dog is taken care of properly. This means providing regular check-ups with a veterinarian, ensuring that the dog has a comfortable and safe environment, maintaining a healthy diet, and keeping the dog active.

Please remember that a retired SAR dog is still a loyal and hardworking companion, and should be treated with the same respect and love that was given when the dog was working. Providing a comfortable and safe environment, and maintaining a healthy diet and activity level, handlers can ensure that their retired SAR dog is taken care of and happy.

FAQs

Q: What types of jobs are available for handlers who decide not to train another dog?
A: For those with prior experience in SAR, there are plenty of roles that don’t require a canine teammate; research and administrative jobs can offer just as much challenge and job satisfaction. The knowledge and expertise of former dog handlers is still a valuable asset.

Q: What should be taken into account when looking for a breeder for a new SAR dog?
A: A successful match depends on finding the right breeder for the job. Interviews should be conducted to make sure the pup is up to the standards needed for SAR work – seeking someone who specializes in working dogs as opposed to show breeds is recommended.

Q: How do we ensure retired SAR dogs stay comfortable and happy?
A: Retired SAR dogs need regular vet visits, a safe environment, nutritious meals, and activities to keep them occupied. They deserve lots of love and respect – just like they did while they were working!

Q: What is the history of search and rescue dogs?

A: The use of search and rescue dogs can be traced back to the use of Red Cross dogs during World War I. They were initially trained to bark at the location of wounded soldiers, but this method was changed to picking up a designated item. Today, search and rescue dogs have been used in various disasters around the world, such as earthquakes, and have proven to be a valuable asset in saving lives and recovering bodies.

Selecting the right dog for Search and Rescue (SAR) operations is crucial for establishing a successful SAR dog team. On the other hand, an ill-suited dog or handler can lead to disappointment. SAR dog handlers generally focus on training dogs from three distinct categories (Pet Dog, Adopted Dog, Purpose-Bred SAR Dog).

Training Your Pet Dog for SAR Work: The Mindset of a Rescue Person

If you’re a pet dog owner and are looking to become part of a canine search and rescue (SAR) team, it is important to be aware of the necessary mindset for this undertaking. It is more than just another activity for your pet and requires different approaches and attitudes.

Before starting the SAR training for your pet, you must receive personal training as well as a well-grounded knowledge of the K9 aspect of SAR. One mistake that pet owners make is thinking of SAR training for their dog as just another activity to do with their pet. A dog is sensitive to its handler’s feelings, reactions and sight and smell signals; thus, it is important to recognize this communication and use it to your benefit when training your pet.

Additionally, when dealing with SAR work, it is important to not bring any ego or romantic notions. SAR obligations are serious and require hard work and commitment as well as considerable amounts of time and effort in order to achieve success. The SAR dog handler must have great dedication and focus to complete SAR work.

Quick Tips:

1. Before joining a canine SAR team with your pet dog, you must be trained as a rescue person and specialize in the K9 component.
2. It is important to keep in mind that SAR work is not just a game for your pet.
3. The SAR dog handler must recognize the ability of dogs to sense their mood and attitude.
4. Ignorance of how dogs and humans communicate can cause training issues.
5. The SAR dog handler must approach the work with respect and without any preconceptions.

The Challenges of Training an Adopted Dog for SAR Work

Bringing home an adopted dog and training it for search and rescue work can be a challenge due to the mystery that surrounds the dog’s initial history. Not knowing the specifics of how the dog was raised and the potential for behavior issues makes it important to be informed on the challenges of training an adopted dog for SAR work.

When looking to adopt a dog, it is beneficial to consider purchasing from a commercial breeder or pet shop if possible. Mixed-breed dogs or those obtained from shelters should consider having a DNA test to gain insight into the characteristics that influence the way the dog reacts to their environment.

It is plausible that the adopted dog may possess behavioral and/or training issues, thus requiring professional help to ensure successful training. In some cases, a behaviorist or trainer may be needed to determine any associated risks with the type of training in order to prevent further issues from arising.

Quick Tips:
1. Obtaining an adopted dog with the purpose of training it for search and rescue is potentially hazardous because of its unknown background.
2. Most adopted canines are relinquished due to behavioural issues instigated by their former carers.
3. The majority of adopted pooches available for adoption come from kennels or pet stores, and mixed breed dogs typically come from shelters.
4. Behaviourists believe DNA tests on adopted or mixed-breed dogs can be the key to understanding the genetics that affect how a dog perceives and responds to its environment.
5. Adopted dogs may require specialist help with their behaviour and/or training.

The Benefits of Purpose-Bred SAR Dogs

Those considering getting involved in Search and Rescue work with their canine companions may find purpose-bred SAR dogs to be an ideal option. Such dogs are bred and raised specifically for the purpose and come with several advantages compared to pet or adopted “rescue” dogs.

With purpose-bred SAR dogs, handlers are not required to start from scratch with training, as the dogs will often have had professional instruction prior to being acquired. Additionally, as they are typically purebred and come from reputable breeders, the reliability and predictability of the dog can be higher. Furthermore, thorough records of the dog’s genetic composition and history can provide valuable insight into the animal’s physical and behavioural make-up, allowing for more efficient training and handling.

Retirement for SAR dogs typically comes between five and seven years of service. If a handler has had a successful first dog, they may look for the same breed or type of dog to replace it. Many will visit a breeder and get a puppy to train and prepare for a search and rescue role. Smaller dogs tend to have longer lifespans, meaning they can work longer than larger dogs, making them ideal for SAR.

Overall, purpose-bred SAR dogs provide an invaluable service, and may be an ideal option for many prospective SAR handlers.

Quick Tips:
1. SAR dogs selectively bred and raised for search and rescue operations.
2. Professional breeders and trainers usually prepare these purpose-bred SAR dogs.
3. These specialized canines usually cost more than usual pet dogs or rescued animals.
4. Often, these purebred dogs come from certified breeders.
5. Knowing the background and genetics make it simpler to educate and guide purpose-bred SAR dogs.

Finding the Right Breeder

Finding the right breeder for your Search and Rescue (SAR) dog can be a challenge, especially if you’ve already got a SAR dog from a different breeder or if the breeder you previously worked with no longer breeds puppies. Fortunately, there are useful strategies for finding the right breeder and making sure you end up with a dog that will excel at SAR duties.

Start by asking other SAR handlers who have good dogs where they purchased their dogs, as many people are more than happy to provide referrals. Once you find a good breeder, make sure you conduct an interview to ensure they specialize in breeding dogs for work, rather than show. Ask them about their breeding goals and what they look out for in puppies. If they breed show dogs, it is important to note that these are typically much different – in size, coat texture, and temperament – than their working dog counterparts. Show dogs aren’t necessarily bred for the same level of stamina or intelligence as working dogs, so make sure your breeder is focused on the latter.

Additionally, take note of whether or not the breed has developed a split between those with working instincts and those without. It would be unfortunate to end up with a pup that has a different set of instincts than you’re looking for. Ultimately, by doing your research ahead of time, you can ensure you end up with the right SAR dog and breeder.

Show vs Field Dogs

Show dogs and field dogs vary in multiple ways. Show dogs possess an elongated top line and a voluminous fluffier coat, while field dogs possess a squarer body shape, are more petite in size, and possess a firmer and shorter coat that is engineered to repel dirt and avoid getting covered in burrs. Field dogs normally have more endurance, intellect and work capabilities than show dogs, since the latter mostly saunter around in a show ring.

On the other hand, field dogs must be able to prove their hunting ability, stamina, intelligence, and willingness to work in order to be considered for a breeding program. This is why it is important to find a breeder that breeds dogs for work, rather than show, if you’re looking for a SAR dog. It has only taken a few short years for some breeds to develop a split between those that still retain their working instincts, and those that do not, so it’s important to research the breed and find a breeder that is focused on producing working dogs.

FAQs

Q: What are SAR dogs?

A: SAR dogs, or search and rescue dogs, are highly trained dogs that assist in disaster response efforts. They use their incredible sense of smell to locate missing persons and bring them to safety.

Q: What should be taken into account when looking for a breeder for a new SAR dog?
A: A successful match depends on finding the right breeder for the job. Interviews should be conducted to make sure the pup is up to the standards needed for SAR work – seeking someone who specializes in working dogs as opposed to show breeds is recommended.

Q: How do we ensure retired SAR dogs stay comfortable and happy?
A: Retired SAR dogs need regular vet visits, a safe environment, nutritious meals, and activities to keep them occupied. They deserve lots of love and respect – just like they did while they were working!

Q: What is the history of search and rescue dogs?

A: The use of search and rescue dogs can be traced back to the use of Red Cross dogs during World War I. They were initially trained to bark at the location of wounded soldiers, but this method was changed to picking up a designated item. Today, search and rescue dogs have been used in various disasters around the world, such as earthquakes, and have proven to be a valuable asset in saving lives and recovering bodies.

Q: How do SAR dogs locate missing persons?

A: SAR dogs use their keen sense of smell to quickly locate missing persons. They work closely with their human handlers to search areas that would be too dangerous or time-consuming for human teams to search.

Q: What breeds are best suited for search and rescue work?

A: Many breeds can be trained for search and rescue, but some of the most commonly used breeds include German Shepherds, Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Belgian Malinois. The breed chosen will depend on the specific requirements of the search and rescue organization, as well as the individual dog’s temperament and ability.

Dogs have been used for rescue operations for centuries, with the earliest documented use by the monks of the Great Saint Bernard hospice in Switzerland in the early 1800s. This legacy continues to this day, as rescue dogs remain crucial in saving lives in various situations.

Early History

The monks of the Great Saint Bernard hospice used their dogs to save hundreds of people from the snow, including the famous Barry, who saved 40 lives from 1800 to 1812. The first organized rescue operations using dogs emerged around the same time.

Red Cross and Search & Rescue Operations in the 19th and 20th Centuries

The advent of independent medical organizations like the Red Cross in the late 19th century marked the beginning of the use of search and rescue dogs in modern times. These war dogs were trained to locate wounded soldiers on battlefields and to carry messages through enemy lines. The German Association for Red Cross Dogs was established in 1890 and the first guide for training these dogs was released in 1903.

The Red Cross dogs used the bringsel technique, where they picked up an item near a wounded soldier to alert the handler. However, this method was not always successful, leading to the dogs being withdrawn. The German psychologist Oskar Pfungst solved the issue by attaching a bringsel to the dog’s collar, and the dog would bring it to the handler upon discovering a wounded person.

From War to Search & Rescue: The Evolution of Rescue Dogs

After World War I, the work of Red Cross dogs was taken over by soldiers and volunteers. The training for guide dogs for the blind, however, utilized war dogs, and later, specifically bred dogs. The first search and rescue dogs were used to search for victims beneath rubble towards the end of World War II in England.

In the 1960s, governments started to focus more on protecting civilians during wars and disasters. Despite advancements in technology, some dog enthusiasts continued training and utilizing their search and rescue dogs. The continued success of search and rescue dogs, despite technological advancements, highlights the strong bond between dogs and humans.

Bringsel Technique: A Solution for Alerting Handlers

The Red Cross dogs were originally instructed to remain by the side of an injured soldier and bark until the handler arrived. However, this approach proved challenging as it was difficult to find the barking dog in the dark and it drew enemy attention. To overcome this challenge, the dogs were taught to pick up an item nearby the injured person as an alert to the handler. This technique was named the bringsel technique, and the item could be anything close to the injured person, such as a helmet, gun, or shoe.

However, this method proved to be problematic on actual battlefields as the dogs sometimes couldn’t find anything to pick up near the victim and ended up taking something from the wounded person’s body, causing more harm than good. The use of Red Cross dogs was temporarily suspended, until psychologist Oskar Pfungst found a solution. He affixed a bringsel, a small leather item, to the dog’s collar and trained the dog to take it in its mouth and bring it to the handler as soon as it found a person in need. This new technique with bringsels enabled Red Cross dogs to resume their important work on the battlefield.

The Rise of Search and Rescue Dogs

Since the discovery of their potential on battlefields, search and rescue dogs have continued to prove their effectiveness in the field of disaster relief. Despite the development of various technical instruments for locating buried individuals, they have been unable to match the success of search and rescue dog teams.

In 1976, after a major earthquake in northeastern Italy, twelve Swiss teams went on a mission and were able to save 18 victims alive and retrieve 125 dead bodies, attracting the attention of professionals and leading to the widespread training of search and rescue dogs throughout Europe.

Even in the face of doubts about their effectiveness in modern, concrete cities, search and rescue dog teams were able to save ten people and retrieve 97 bodies from the rubble of Bucharest after a 1977 earthquake. The success of search and rescue dogs in various disasters solidified their place as a crucial tool in disaster relief efforts.

Conclusion: The Remarkable Bond Between Dogs and Humans

Rescue dogs have a rich history, starting from the Great Saint Bernard to the present day. From war dogs to search and rescue dogs, they have been a lifesaver for humans in countless situations. Despite the technological advancements, the success of search and rescue dogs in practice is a testament to the remarkable bond between dogs and humans.

FAQs:

Q: What is the Bringsel Technique?

A: The Bringsel Technique is a method used by search and rescue dogs to alert their handlers of a find. The dogs are trained to pick up a designated item, such as a leather bringsel, and bring it to their handler instead of barking. This method was introduced as an improvement over barking, which could attract enemy fire in wartime, and sometimes caused harm to wounded soldiers.

Q: What makes a search and rescue dog effective?

A: A search and rescue dog’s effectiveness is largely dependent on the training received by both the dog and its handler. Proper training ensures that the dog is able to perform its search and alert duties effectively and safely, and that the handler is able to respond quickly and effectively to the dog’s signals.

Q: What breeds are best suited for search and rescue work?

A: Many breeds can be trained for search and rescue, but some of the most commonly used breeds include German Shepherds, Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Belgian Malinois. The breed chosen will depend on the specific requirements of the search and rescue organization, as well as the individual dog’s temperament and ability.

Q: How is a search and rescue dog trained?

A: Training a search and rescue dog involves a combination of obedience training, scent detection training, and training in searching and alerting techniques. The training process can take several months to a year, depending on the level of difficulty of the tasks required, and the dog’s individual progress.

Q: What should be taken into account when looking for a breeder for a new SAR dog?
A: A successful match depends on finding the right breeder for the job. Interviews should be conducted to make sure the pup is up to the standards needed for SAR work – seeking someone who specializes in working dogs as opposed to show breeds is recommended.

Q: How do we ensure retired SAR dogs stay comfortable and happy?
A: Retired SAR dogs need regular vet visits, a safe environment, nutritious meals, and activities to keep them occupied. They deserve lots of love and respect – just like they did while they were working!